{
  "url": "https://blockindex.ai/coin/op",
  "name": "Optimism",
  "links": {
    "github": "https://github.com/ethereum-optimism",
    "website": "https://www.optimism.io/",
    "whitepaper": null
  },
  "dScore": 31,
  "market": {
    "priceUsd": 0.10132636762173561,
    "marketCapUsd": 218812823.6733349,
    "volume24hUsd": 62836399.7524322,
    "priceChange7dPct": 5.18411205,
    "priceChange24hPct": -2.77568709
  },
  "source": "BlockIndex.AI",
  "supply": {
    "max": 4294967296,
    "circulating": 2159485520,
    "circulatingPct": 50.279440358281136
  },
  "ticker": "OP",
  "founder": "Jinglan (Jing) Wang; Benjamin Jones; Karl Floersch; Kevin Ho",
  "vcFunded": true,
  "updatedAt": "2026-06-19T06:00:23.398225+00:00",
  "fairLaunch": false,
  "launchYear": 2021,
  "description": "Optimism is a prominent Ethereum Layer-2 scaling solution designed to increase throughput and reduce transaction costs by executing transactions off-chain while anchoring security and settlement to Ethereum mainnet. Originating from research at the Plasma Group and evolving through the OVM and OP Stack design, Optimism has matured into a modular, open-source project stewarded by OP Labs PBC and the Optimism Foundation. The project’s central technical offering — the OP Stack — aims to standardize a composable framework for launching interoperable OP Chains that benefit from shared tooling, revenue-alignment, and coordinated upgrades. Over multiple governance seasons and major upgrades such as Bedrock, Canyon, Delta, Ecotone and Fusaka, Optimism has aligned developer ergonomics (EVM equivalence) with operational improvements like reduced gas costs, better batching, and support for data-availability primitives such as EIP-4844 blobs.\n\nTechnically, Optimism implements optimistic rollup semantics where execution is performed off-chain and correctness is enforced through fraud proofs and challenge windows anchored to Ethereum L1. The OP Stack — published under an MIT license — is composed of modular components enabling near-EVM equivalence so existing Ethereum smart contracts can be deployed with minimal changes. Node and sequencing implementations include Rust-based components (Kona-node) alongside Solidity smart contracts for core system logic. Optimism’s recent releases introduced a permissionless Fault Proof System, enhanced sequencing integrations (Flashblocks), and progressive decentralization work on sequencer operations. Typical block timing and throughput metrics reported in the provided sources show average block intervals around 2.0 seconds and large transaction counts in the hundreds of millions, evidence of significant onchain usage across OP Chains.\n\nFrom an ecosystem perspective, Optimism’s Superchain vision and OP Stack adoption have catalyzed numerous launches and migrations (Base, Ink, Unichain references) that illustrate real-world traction. The project has pursued repeated token distributions and RetroPGF funding rounds to bootstrap public goods and ecosystem contributions. Optimism’s token (OP) operates within a staged distribution model: a fixed initial supply (4,294,967,296 OP) with planned Foundation allocations, retroactive public goods funding, and periodic airdrops that helped decentralize governance participation. The network integrates widely with infrastructure providers and analytics (optimistic.etherscan.io, Dune, CoinMarketCap, CoinGecko, Messari), bridges (Wormhole), oracles (Chainlink), and major centralized and decentralized exchanges, enabling accessible liquidity and strong developer tooling. Wallet support includes standard browser extensions and hardware options that facilitate both dApp usage and secure custody.\n\nGovernance is organized around the Optimism Collective model combining tokenholder votes, a Developer Advisory Board, a Security Council (multisig), and experiments in algorithmic and futarchy-style decision-making. The Optimism Foundation and OP Labs play defined roles: the Foundation stewards funding and distribution while OP Labs leads engineering and upgrade coordination. The tokenomics emphasize staged releases and a modest inflation design (documented ~2% annual inflation target in the sources) rather than miner-style rewards; allocation categories in sources include ecosystem funds, RetroPGF, contributor allocations and investor allocations. Security posture and operational maturity are evidenced by routine audits, bug-bounty programs and responsible disclosures — including a documented medium-severity vulnerability disclosure for the Fault Proof System in December 2025 — and no single catastrophic exploit detailed in the provided materials. Looking forward, the roadmap centers on improved decentralization of sequencers, permissionless fault-proof soundness, broader OP Stack adoption, and deeper integrations for liquid staking and data-availability optimizations.",
  "methodology": "https://blockindex.ai/dscore",
  "classification": {
    "layer": "Layer 2",
    "isToken": false,
    "consensus": "Other",
    "parentChain": "ETH"
  },
  "dScoreComponents": {
    "autonomy": 0,
    "ageHistory": 11,
    "governance": 20,
    "nodeDistribution": 0,
    "initialDistribution": 0
  },
  "decentralizationVerdict": "Centralized Leaning"
}