Gemini Dollar (GUSD): D-Score 34/100 — Centralized Leaning BlockIndex D-Score: 34/100 (Centralized Leaning). Gemini Dollar (GUSD) is a Layer 2 cryptocurrency using PoS consensus. Gemini Dollar (GUSD): Regulated USD-backed ERC-20 stablecoin with audited reserves and institutional custody. Source: https://blockindex.ai/coin/gusd · Data by BlockIndex.AI · Updated 2026-06-19 D-Score breakdown (0-100, higher means more decentralized) Component: Score: Overall D-Score: 34: Node distribution: 0: Initial distribution: 0: Governance: 21: Age and history: 13: Autonomy: 0: Key facts - Layer: Layer 2 - Consensus: PoS (N/A) - Launch: Other (2018) - Founder: Tyler Winklevoss, Cameron Winklevoss - VC funded: No - Max supply: N/A - Circulating: 149,440,000 Market data (as of 2026-06-19) - Price: $1 - Market cap: $149.15M - 24h volume: $256,529.62 - 24h change: -0.03% · 7d change: +0.02% About Gemini Dollar (GUSD) is a U.S. dollar–backed ERC-20 stablecoin issued and managed by Gemini Trust Company. Conceived and operated by the Winklevoss-founded Gemini exchange and trust, GUSD was launched after approval from the New York Department of Financial Services in September 2018. The project positions itself as a regulatory-first stablecoin, emphasizing legal compliance, segregated custodial accounts for fiat reserves, and routine third-party attestations to substantiate its 1:1 USD backing. Operational controls including hardware security modules and multisignature custody are highlighted by the issuer as part of a custody-first approach for both retail and institutional counterparties. Technically, GUSD is implemented as an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum mainnet with publicly available smart contract source code and referenced security audits. Gemini publishes the contract repository on GitHub and references an audit by Trail of Bits in public materials; on-chain token movements and balances are viewable via standard block explorers such as Etherscan. Because GUSD is a token rather than an independent blockchain, it inherits Ethereum’s post-merge Proof-of-Stake consensus characteristics and does not maintain a separate validator or miner economy. The smart contract model supports minting and redemption flows managed by Gemini, and off-chain processes (custody, attestations) are used to ensure reserves track outstanding token liabilities. In practice, GUSD’s primary use cases are stable-value settlement, trading liquidity, and integration with DeFi protocols and centralized exchange custody services. Gemini markets GUSD as redeemable 1:1 for USD on its platform and emphasizes institutional custody and exchange liquidity as differentiators. The token is broadly listed on major market data platforms (CoinMarketCap, CoinGecko, CryptoCompare) and is supported by common wallets and custodial solutions, which facilitates both retail and institutional on‑ and off‑ramp activity. Monthly attestations by an independent accounting firm (BPM LLP) and public transparency materials are central to the asset’s trust model and are repeatedly highlighted in issuer messaging. From an economic perspective, supply dynamics are operational: tokens are minted and redeemed by Gemini in response to fiat flows rather than distributed through mining or staking. Supply snapshots in the provided sources show a circulating supply of approximately 45.36 million GUSD against a reported maximum snapshot of 148.54 million GUSD (snapshot values from market data sources cited in the input). Market snapshots included in the provided inputs list a price near $0.9998, market capitalization in the neighborhood of $45.35M, and daily volumes consistent with active exchange listings. Because issuance/redemption is controlled by the custodian, there is no protocol-level inflation schedule, staking rewards, or on-chain monetary policy beyond the 1:1 redeemability promise supported by off-chain reserve management. Governance and control of GUSD are centralized under Gemini Trust Company and its regulatory oversight relationship with NYDFS, rather than via on-chain DAO structures. The issuer manages issuance, redemption, custody and reserve attestations, and the contract-level administration is operated by Gemini as the single custodian and manager. Roadmap and protocol-level upgrade activity for GUSD itself is minimal—most product work is driven by exchange and custody integrations rather than token protocol upgrades. Going forward, the asset’s strategic focus is likely to remain on regulatory compliance, maintaining attestation transparency, and expanding custody and exchange integrations to preserve liquidity and institutional suitability. Links - Website: https://www.gemini.com/dollar - Whitepaper: N/A - GitHub: https://github.com/gemini/dollar --- About the D-Score: BlockIndex.AI rates decentralization from 0 to 100 across node distribution, initial distribution, governance, age and history, and autonomy. Methodology: https://blockindex.ai/dscore