Starknet (STRK): D-Score 19/100 — Highly Centralized BlockIndex D-Score: 19/100 (Highly Centralized). Starknet (STRK) is a Layer 2 cryptocurrency using Other consensus. Starknet: Permissionless ZK‑Rollup L2 scaling Ethereum using Cairo, STARK cryptography, developer tooling, and Bitcoin integrations. Source: https://blockindex.ai/coin/strk · Data by BlockIndex.AI · Updated 2026-06-19 D-Score breakdown (0-100, higher means more decentralized) Component: Score: Overall D-Score: 19: Node distribution: 0: Initial distribution: 0: Governance: 11: Age and history: 8: Autonomy: 0: Key facts - Layer: Layer 2 - Consensus: Other (N/A) - Launch: Airdrop (2021) - Founder: Eli Ben‑Sasson, Michael Riabzev, Uri Kolodny, Alessandro Chiesa - VC funded: Yes - Max supply: N/A - Circulating: 6,518,393,918 Market data (as of 2026-06-19) - Price: $0.03 - Market cap: $225.58M - 24h volume: $18.75M - 24h change: +1.76% · 7d change: +2.64% About Starknet is a permissionless Layer‑2 validity rollup built to scale Ethereum by moving heavy computation off‑chain and submitting succinct STARK proofs back to Ethereum. Originating from research at StarkWare and developed by StarkWare Industries Ltd., the project began in 2018 and moved into public mainnet activity in 2021. Starknet’s core mission is to preserve Ethereum composability while drastically reducing gas costs and enabling higher throughput for decentralized applications across DeFi, NFTs, gaming and emerging Bitcoin integrations. The project emphasizes cryptographic soundness, developer ergonomics through the Cairo language and tooling, and migration paths toward a decentralized security model and sequencer operation. On the technical front, Starknet is implemented as a ZK‑Validity Rollup that uses STARK proofs to verify execution off‑chain and post succinct proofs on Ethereum. The stack centers on the Cairo language for writing provable programs, the Pathfinder client for indexing and node infrastructure, and StarkNet OS components that enable native account abstraction and developer-friendly UX. StarkGate provides bridge functionality between Ethereum and Starknet, and recent work has explored deeper Bitcoin integrations (LBTC, Lombard partnerships and Broly inscriptions). Development cadence has been active: Cairo releases and Pathfinder updates were recorded through late 2025, and mainnet upgrades (v0.14.1) were deployed in December 2025 alongside governance tooling (StarkGov) and improvements to prover performance. Starknet’s native token, STRK, serves multiple roles: fee settlement on Starknet, governance voting, and a planned staking/security mechanism as the protocol decentralizes sequencer responsibilities. Tokenomics detail a 10,000,000,000 STRK max supply with roughly half in circulation as of the provided snapshots (circulating ≈4.96B STRK). Distribution events include provision programs and a notable airdrop/provision rollout; an ERC‑20 representation on Ethereum was deployed in November 2022 and the ERC‑20 bridge and StarkGate flows were subsequently used to move liquidity between layers. Market snapshots in the materials show active liquidity and listings across major data platforms and exchanges, with a live price and market cap reflecting significant market attention and volatility since the token’s public trading debut. Governance has been structured as a phased decentralization roadmap with both on‑chain and off‑chain elements: Phase One of decentralization was released in December 2022, a decentralization roadmap was published in October 2023, and governance tooling (StarkGov built on SnapshotX) enables token‑based voting and community participation. A Security Council (SNIP‑25) was described as a short‑term expert body for vetting upgrades and emergency responses while the network shifts toward a broader operator and staking model. This hybrid approach—combining council vetting, time‑locked review flows, and on‑chain polls—aims to balance safety during transition with eventual community control. Operationally, the ecosystem shows robust developer and service coverage: multiple client releases, audits of verifier contracts, and integrations with analytics platforms and bridges are documented. The primary risks highlighted in the provided sources are application‑layer smart contract vulnerabilities (e.g., the zkLend exploit in Feb 2025 that impacted a Starknet dApp) and operational complexity during the sequencer decentralization and the migration toward staking. Forward focus areas include improving prover performance (S‑two), continuing decentralization and sequencer/operator onboarding, enhanced governance tooling and security hardening, and expanding real‑world payments and Bitcoin use‑cases via partner integrations. Links - Website: https://starknet.io/ - Whitepaper: N/A - GitHub: https://github.com/starkware-libs/starknet --- About the D-Score: BlockIndex.AI rates decentralization from 0 to 100 across node distribution, initial distribution, governance, age and history, and autonomy. Methodology: https://blockindex.ai/dscore