Stacks (STX): D-Score 26/100 — Centralized Leaning BlockIndex D-Score: 26/100 (Centralized Leaning). Stacks (STX) is a Layer 2 cryptocurrency using Other consensus. Stacks: Bitcoin-anchored smart contract layer using Proof of Transfer, Clarity contracts, sBTC, and Stacking rewards. Source: https://blockindex.ai/coin/stx · Data by BlockIndex.AI · Updated 2026-06-19 D-Score breakdown (0-100, higher means more decentralized) Component: Score: Overall D-Score: 26: Node distribution: 0: Initial distribution: 0: Governance: 16: Age and history: 10: Autonomy: 0: Key facts - Layer: Layer 2 - Consensus: Other (Other) - Launch: ICO (2021) - Founder: Muneeb Ali, Ryan Shea - VC funded: Yes - Max supply: N/A - Circulating: 1,814,605,788 Market data (as of 2026-06-19) - Price: $0.18 - Market cap: $328.89M - 24h volume: $7.75M - 24h change: -1.29% · 7d change: -0.93% About Stacks (STX) is a Bitcoin-connected smart contract blockchain designed to expand Bitcoin from a settlement and payments network into a broader application platform. The project began from the Blockstack lineage founded by Muneeb Ali and Ryan Shea, with early roots in decentralized identity and user-owned internet infrastructure before evolving into a Bitcoin layer for smart contracts. The Stacks blockchain launched on January 14, 2021, and STX is its native asset. Its mission is to bring decentralized applications, DeFi, NFTs, payments, data services, developer tooling, and Bitcoin-native financial products closer to Bitcoin without requiring changes to Bitcoin's base protocol. Stacks' core technical design centers on Proof of Transfer, a consensus mechanism in which miners transfer BTC to compete for Stacks blocks and earn STX rewards, while Stackers lock STX and may receive BTC rewards. The platform uses the Clarity smart contract language, which is designed for predictable execution and readable contract logic. Stacks anchors activity to Bitcoin and emphasizes Bitcoin finality, sBTC, Nakamoto upgrades, signers, Stacking, Bitcoin APIs, and a growing infrastructure layer around Stacks nodes and the official explorer. Post-Nakamoto documentation references roughly 10-second block proposal cadence during miner tenures, while broader throughput metrics were not provided in the source data. The ecosystem spans Bitcoin DeFi, smart contract applications, wallets, exchanges, analytics services, bridges, oracles, developer SDKs, auditors, education tools, tax tools, community groups, working groups, and funds. Documented infrastructure includes explorers, Pyth oracle support, Wormhole and other bridge references, analytics platforms such as CoinMarketCap, CoinGecko, CryptoCompare, Messari, infrastructure providers such as QuickNode, and developer tools including Sats Connect and ExecutorDAO. Wallet support includes Ledger, Electrum, browser and software wallets, mobile options, multisig tooling, and custodial access, while exchange coverage includes major centralized venues such as Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, OKX, KuCoin, Bybit, Bitget, MEXC, Bitfinex, Upbit, and Bithumb, plus DEX references. STX had a token-offering history rather than a fair launch. Source material documents a first SEC-qualified token offering in U.S. history, early fundraising, seed and Series A rounds, ICO and public-round allocations, and investor allocations. The initial genesis distribution is described as 1.32 billion STX allocated across treasury, seed, founders, team, development, ICO, Series A, public round, and investors. The source data states STX has no fixed maximum supply, with ongoing issuance governed by protocol parameters and governance processes. Older references describe declining block rewards over time, while newer guidance emphasizes no fixed hard cap and governance-adjustable emissions. Governance is described as off-chain, community-facing, and working-group based rather than a core on-chain DAO. Emission changes require public governance, modeling, and formal voting, and the ecosystem uses forums, working groups, Stacks Foundation resources, Stacks Labs, Hiro, and other organizations to coordinate development. Security history includes a June 14, 2024 block-production stall lasting roughly nine hours and a January 6, 2025 transaction-processing outage, plus a March 2025 supply-chain attack against the Stacks GitHub organization that was identified and mitigated. Current roadmap themes include Nakamoto, sBTC, signer infrastructure, Clarity improvements, self-custodial Bitcoin staking, Dual Stacking, Bitcoin-native stablecoin infrastructure, and broader Bitcoin DeFi adoption. Links - Website: https://www.stacks.co/ - Whitepaper: https://stacks.co/stacks.pdf - GitHub: https://github.com/stacks-network/stacks --- About the D-Score: BlockIndex.AI rates decentralization from 0 to 100 across node distribution, initial distribution, governance, age and history, and autonomy. Methodology: https://blockindex.ai/dscore